Computers in Medical Sectors


Nowadays, computer is playing a major role in human being's life. It has become a part in every situation in our day to day life. Computer has it's own function in different places such as at home people use it for communication, educational and entertainment purposes, and at school for educational purposes etc.Computer is playing a huge role in medical field too. Though it has high demand and use in other field, but it has it's own importance and need in medical field which can be enlisted as; 
1) Registration of patient's biodata 
2) Use of electronic machines for diagnostic purpose and surgical procedures 
3)Educational purpose of Medical Courses 
4) Financial record of hospital 
5)Monitoring the patient's condition
6)Research

Registration of patient's biodata 

In today's generation, we are getting an opportunity to record all the informations of patient in computer itself i.e. patient's name, address , family history etc. by which it gets easier and is convenient for us. This makes us easy to assess the information of any patient if necessary in future.

Use of electronic machines for diagnostic purpose and surgical procedures 

Various electronic machines are being implemented in medical field which can be described as; XRAY÷ Doctors use xray to rule out any problem in internal parts of the body such as bone, lungs etc. Ultrasonography÷ Radiologists use USG to diagnose any problem in the internal structure of the body where visualization of body parts is done by recording echoes of ultrasonic pulse directed into the tissue which is very helpful for diagnosing the condition of the patient. Likewise, there are many electronic devices which has been very useful for diagnostic purposes. Computer is playing an important role in surgical procedure as well. Surgeon performs surgical procedures by viewing the internal structure of the body through computer. 

Educational purpose of Medical Course 

In medical field, computer has it's own importance in education. Since an individual is able to grasp a content quickly through visualization, lecturers find it easier to use projector as teaching methods which becomes effective for student. Likely, in hospital it is used to provide training and in service education for staffs. Today people can even opt for medical courses through computer without going to college. So, we can say that computer is beneficial in the field of education.

Financial records of hospital 

At hospital, in one glance we can see all the financial records maintained in computer which is being much easier to find out profit and loss. Even the payment bills has been given through computer. 

Monitoring the patient's condition 

Monitoring the vital signs of patient such as heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen level has been made easier. If any abnormality arises in patient's condition, it will alert the doctors and staffs for taking appropriate actions as well as early management of patient's condition. 

Research 

Computer is essential for conducting research in medical field as the data collected through research can be used in coming future. Hence, research studies can be done by using different application on computer.

Conclusion

 Hence , we can conclude by saying that computer plays a central role in medical field. Without the use of computer, we would not have accomplished so much things which we have today, which have made any difficult task or procedure much easier. A day has come where we are so much dependent that without the use of computer we are not able to conduct any procedure since it is much more accessible to us.
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Augment Reality : For Education


Introduction

The technological development have made a huge impact in our life style. Augmented Reality being one of the most discussed topic, has grabbed a lot of attention due to its huge potential in the future. Its ability to extend the real world with additional computer generated information has a wide range of application in many fields and one of them is “Education”. AR is a technology which enables us to view computer manipulated graphics in real-time blended with real environment to make the illusion of virtual reality. It adds an extra sense that help us to get additional ideas about the environment other than what we see and hear with our sensory organs.

"Augmented reality adds information and meaning to a real object or place. Unlike virtual reality, augmented reality does not create a simulation of reality. Instead, it takes a real object or space as the foundation and incorporates technologies that add contextual data to deepen a person’s understanding of it."

The rapid development of AR technology is something to look for in the future and have definitely provided a huge motivation for initiating this project. AR has many applications that can benefit public and be interesting at the same time.

Overview

Augmented Reality (AR) is a variant of Virtual Reality (VR) and people often get confused with the two terminologies. VR is a technology which completely immerses a user in artificial environment. When immersed, the user is not in contact with the real world and thus cannot see the surrounding. In contrast to that fact, AR allows user to see the real world on which additional information is overlaid on.

Mobile AR

With the advancement of mobile phone specifications, its abilities have been a boon for the proliferation of AR technology. The smartphones which are the next portable super computers and AR are indeed ideal match for the next big technological overhaul.In fact, the revolution has already started with big companies like IBM, Google investing millions of dollars on it.
Types of Augmented Reality

a) Marker-less AR

Marker-less AR uses image recognition or location information from the device to identify the environment. It is more interactive than marker-based augmentation.

b) Marker Based AR

Markers are images which can be identified by a camera. It is a focal point on which virtual objects are later placed in the scene. Marker-based AR detects the marker which is later manipulated by overlaying the additional information to the user. Simplest type of AR markers are black and white images consisting of 2D barcodes.

Augmented Reality in Education

Education system is evolving with the advancement of new technologies. From blackboards to projector presentations, teaching and learning practices have changed due time. Such presentation helped student to grasp ideas about the subject matter. “Educational resources are emphasized by Augmented Reality systems and can be used to re-create historical events, activate regular books into 3D images, or even present structures of the galaxy; all superimposed in real-time.” Augmented reality is the extension of such presentations which allows students to visualize the concepts through effective use of engaging audio-visual medias embedded in real-time environment rather than in a two dimensional plane. This technology is even more suited to the present generation of students who are encouraged to use new gadgets like iPhone, iPad, android devices as a part of their education process. Development of such AR applications will not only help learners to grasp core ideas of the syllabus but make it more appealing and interesting so that the learning process becomes instinctive. Moreover, they can also interact with the virtual environment which makes understanding of hard concepts persistent.

Some of the existing AR applications
a) Elements4D

Elements4D is an application developed by DAQRI. It consists of six wooden (or printed) cubes which come to life with the 4D application. When a user beams the app’s camera to the cubes, they transform into 4D representations and helps the user to explore chemical elements in a fun way while learning concepts of chemistry. Not only can the user learn about each element, its state, physical and chemical properties in an interactive way, but each elements trigger interaction when other cube is placed near to it.

b) Spacecraft3D

Spacecraft 3D is an application available in Apple’s Appstore which is produced by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory for utilizing augmented reality to bring NASA spacecraft into life. Students can download the application, print the specific target images and view the target images using the application to load the spacecraft. The application displays a full 3D view of the spacecraft used to explore our solar system, study earth, and observe the universe. Users can get up close with these robotic explorers, see how they move and learn about the engineering feats for better understanding of science and space. New spacecraft are updated regularly to ensure the users get the latest knowledge.

c) Guinness World Record 2014

This application is available in the Google Play store. This application is developed by Guinness World Record Foundation. It allows users to view the contents of the book in full 3D. Readers can access a new dimension of record-breaking with this free AR app available to the public. Using this app users can see:

> World’s shortest woman displayed in actual size.
>Interactive largest ever dinosaur
>View from the top of Mount Everest in virtual reality
>Videos of the world records, etc.

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Cloud Computing


Introduction 

Human brain has always been a source of creativity in every way possible. Human did invented computers, in order to help own kind and still computers are helping human kind in every way possible either it is regarding study or research or entertainment or from business point of view; computers are doing their job as expected. In the early 90's, computer has been the sensational creation but, after the invention of internet; the computing era has moved far away within one step. With this noble creativity of human which lead to the creation of today's most happening sensational virtual service called as "Cloud Computing". 

In today’s world, we all use computer and internet. In fact our business runs with computer. Some of us need software and resources to run our business. For this we may need data servers with a team of technicians maintaining it which increase the expenditure of our business. Sometimes we do need high spaced servers and sometime we don’t depending upon our business. For example: if I run a gift shop then, my business will be much high during the festive season than other. So I may need bigger spaced server, other applications and software at that time than usual. So do I need to purchase high spaced server and install in my gift shop for all the time in order to cover the festive season? NO, this is where the cloud computing comes to rescue you and your business. Cloud computing is simply like a utility where you plug in and configure your need. You don’t have buy servers and install in your office, you don’t need to hire technicians to configure servers and maintain them. With cloud computing, you will get what you wanted over internet connection with your cloud service provider. You don’t have to bother about anything at all. So, it’s all about computer and internet mixed together to form a virtual service resulting cloud computing. 

So, what is cloud computing? Cloud computing can be defined as a model for providing on-demand access to the pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, software, storage, applications, and services) with minimum effort over internet with the provider.

In general, cloud computing is

  • An internet based computing environment where you pay only for what you use.
  • A set of shared computing resources via internet.
  • Next phase in the evolution of computing.


History

Before we dig deeper into cloud computing, let’s talk about how cloud computing get started. Cloud computing has evolved with the evolution of computer and information technology. The cloud computing is brought upfront by John McCarthy, a computer scientist during 1960 with his idea that “computation may someday be organized as a public utility”. In his speech, he mentioned that computing can be sold like a utility, like electricity or water which was a brilliant idea. Tracing history, like all brilliant ideas it was ahead of its time. The technology of the time was not ready for that kind of idea.

As time passes and the technology has also evolved beyond the imagination and finally the platform for that kind of idea was ready. There are few developments in cloud computing in between which we must mention,

In 1999, Salesforce started web based applications. This kind of applications are delivered to enterprises over internet , and this way the idea of selling computing as utility has begin. In 2002, Amazon started Web Services like storage and computation. Similarly, In 2009, the turning point in cloud computing started with the arrival of browser based cloud enterprise applications, with the best known being Google Apps.

Key Aspects of Cloud Computing

a) Software as a Service (SaaS)

Computer is familiar with all of us and we know that computer communicates with user via software. Software is specially designed for certain purpose and is not free at all. For example: suppose you are running a commercial bank and for this you will need various kinds of software and you need to purchase them in order to use them, upgrade them with need and sometimes it does not work with your system or it won’t be compatible with the system you are using and all your investment will be counted as ZERO. Use or not you have to pay for it all the time for that kind of traditional software and sometimes maintenance cost. All this won’t let you to focus on your work. You are a banker and you need to focus on your banking. So why do you take much worry about your software and maintenance?

With cloud computing everything is minimized and you don’t have to take worry about the software, updates and maintenance. You simply plug in, customize your need of software and you are done. You will pay for what you use and even you don’t need to have much knowledge of computing for this. The main beauty of cloud computing is, you don’t need to have hardware or software with you. If you need any other additional software you don’t have to go anywhere; you can customize your need sitting inside your room. You will get much far better secure environment for your work than your office. CRM, Financial Planning, Human Resources and word processing are the some of the example of SaaS.

b) Platform as a Service (PaaS)

As a developer or business man, you need to run with the market trend and for that you need to have huge range of resources and for those resources you need to have platform in order for running them in your system. To work with your project, you need to have platform for it. For example: if you want to develop a web page in j-query, you will need platform for it but, Google is providing APIs platform so that you can build page without worrying about the platform.

Generally platforms are built upon infrastructure and over it you can design and plan whatever you want to. If you want to do on your own then, first of all you will need infrastructure for this and then only you can build your platform for your project and which will cost much higher and remember platform management is not FUN but, with cloud computing you can simply plug in, customize your need of platform and you are done for it. You can choose whatever platform you are going to need for your project and you don’t need to pay for what you don’t use. Storage, Database and Scalability are the some of the popular PaaS Services. Generally, Google App Engine can termed as the example of PaaS.

c) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Whatever business you are running one thing you need the most is, Infrastructure. In today’s context, every business runs with computer. People living in Europe buy painting from Nepal, people can listen radio live from anywhere in the world via internet. For this all we need a good infrastructure to get start. For example: I want to start a bank and I will need a strong database center for my all transaction records and customer records. If I buy the entire infrastructure then, it will cost me more than ever I dreamed of getting started and not to forget; with in time to time it will need maintenance. For this I need to hire bunch of technicians and made then stand by if anything happens. This will maximize the total cost for my business start up and will also affect the outcome.

With cloud computing, you don’t have to buy any infrastructure physically. You just need to plug in, customize your need of infrastructure and you are done. You just need to customize your requirements like processors, RAMs and so on. This will minimize all the tension of creating infrastructure on your own and is also less expensive. You will pay for what you use only and you don’t have to pay on the time you don’t use. Technically you never did buy anything. Flexi Scale and AWS:EC2 are the example of Infrastructure as a Service.

Types of Cloud

a) Public Cloud

Public Cloud is generally run by third party; some of them are free and some of them are pay per used base. Generally they are targeted for the business with little money to expend. So, they are much economical, highly scalable and out of the physical access probability. They provide their customer a way to minimize the risk and cost for starting the business. Generally, Public Cloud is Huge in Infrastructure basis and started with High business point of view. Generally, In our day to day life we are using the public cloud provided by Microsoft and Google.

The main benefits of using a public cloud service are:
  • Easy and inexpensive set-up because hardware, application and bandwidth costs are covered by the provider.
  • Scalability to meet needs.
  • No wasted resources because you pay for what you use.

b) Private Cloud

Private cloud is generally setup by a private company for their own use which provides much control over data, security and quality of service behind firewall. They are usually managed by themselves or by third party internally or externally. This is why private cloud is also known as “Internal Cloud or Co-operate Cloud”.

This type of cloud computing service is often used by large companies and organizations but, this type of cloud does not come with the benefits of cloud computing because the organization that runs this kind of cloud; they need to buy infrastructure for their own cloud, set up it and also manage it.

c) Hybrid Cloud

Hybrid cloud is combination of at least (each) one private cloud and public cloud. Normally Hybrid cloud is offered by a private cloud company with mutual understanding with public cloud company or Vice versa. This type of cloud offers benefits of both clouds.

Overview

Yet we have discussed about what is cloud computing and how did cloud computing is started and now we are going to discuss about the issues with cloud computing. There is no doubt that, cloud computing is the next evolution in computing history.

Cloud computing has enabled user to,

  • Remotely control their data centers and business.
  • Pay for what they use only.
  • Customize their need of infrastructure for their business.
  • Be worry free from any technical queries. So that they can focus on their proper business.
  • Wide range of infrastructure so that they can customize whenever they want to change it.

And so on....

With all these prospective, the popularity of cloud computing is raising day by day. As we know that each coin has two faces. With in every shiny object, there is darkness within itself. Beside all the advantages, there are certain disadvantages of cloud computing which we will discuss briefly below.

Advantages of Cloud Computing

The rising popularity of cloud computing proves how much cloud computing is beneficial for us. With cloud computing, we are doing something we have never really dreamed of. Customizing hardware, software and applications needs over internet without physically purchasing them is really what we called virtualization and flexibility of cloud computing which minimize the cost of set up, maintenance and technical haphazard. Paying for only the system and service you use is really economical which comes with cloud computing which minimize the over cost of purchasing infrastructure and unused of them. It also gives us the advantage of software platform dependency like the compatibility of the software with the system we are using. With all these advantage lead cloud computing to today’s state of being popular.

So now, let’s point down the main benefits of cloud computing.

a) Cost Management

With cloud computing you don’t need to purchase infrastructure, software, platform and application because with cloud computing, you never need physical hardware and software. You just plug in, customize your need and you are ready to go. You will use the hosted resource via internet for your business and because of which the cost of maintenance, set up and updates will never work on you after using cloud computing.

b) Pay per use

Cloud computing has enabled user to use resource in pay per use basis so that you don’t have to pay for what you never used. With cloud computing, you will always use virtual hardware and software which is hosted either in your office or in the vendor’s office. So you never did buy anything, you have just subscribed a package for limited time and you are paying for it as much as you are using which is also economically friendly.

c) Risk Management

Cloud computing also helps its user to minimize the risk. We know that with cloud computing, you never buy anything physically. For example: if you buy a computer with processor i5 and if it failed to match with one of the requirement of your software. Then what will you do? So, with cloud computing, it is much easier that changing the diaper of a baby. You can cancel it, change it instantly and even operating system. You can even rebuild your infrastructure according to your need anytime. This minimizes the risk of your money being wastage.

d) Ease of Use

Cloud computing has given user a complete easy platform to work on without taking worry about the technical part because cloud computing is too easy to use and you don’t need to have any technical training for using it. Neither you need to worry about the updates of software nor you need to worry about the maintenance of software and hardware. There is no need of cabling, screwdrivers, buying, un-boxing, racking with cloud computing. You can do it from anywhere via internet and all you need to do is, plug in and you are ON.

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

Being the most advanced innovation, cloud computing has given a lot of benefits to the society. Like, I previously said, “there is good and bad in all of us”. Cloud computing too have few drawbacks. Ignoring other few negligible drawback; what we feel about cloud computing is, the main threat is security and privacy. Cloud computing is based on two technologies, computing and internet. Both of them are also affected from these two facts. Every time you access, you will be using internet and over internet there are several chances of being victim of hackers and there is chance of losing data by attacks of these hackers. In most of the cloud, you might not have physical access to your data. So, there is no guarantee that your data will not be compromised but, we can’t say cloud computing is wastage because of few drawbacks.

The main disadvantages of cloud computing are,

a) Privacy and Security

In today’s context, the biggest concern in cloud computing is Privacy and Security. In cloud computing, everything we use is over internet and depending upon the package, sometimes we might not have physical access to our data. Because of which Users might not be able to host their personal data in a server which is physically hard to reach. Even if we do store our date in those servers, there is no guarantee that our databases will not be compromised or accessed by third party. In cloud computing, everything runs with computer and internet so, there are a lot of chances of system being hacked by hacker and threat of database loss. So, ignoring this statement of privacy and security, cloud computing is an angel to this computing era.

b) Complete Dependency (Loss of Control)

Cloud computing has enabled an easy way of doing business over internet without taking worries of technical part which made us dull and we are losing control. If you need anything, you need to call someone to do it. You don’t have control upon your own system. If software does not open properly, you can’t do anything because you don’t have physical access and you need to wait for the response from the vendor on that problem of software. So we are losing control over our own system because of being completely dependent on vendor.

c) Network Overload (Service downtime)

In cloud computing, everything runs with internet and there is no guarantee that your internet runs properly 24 hour a day. Sometimes your internet may get overload or the vendor providing cloud service may experience problem with internet then, the internet is down, your service is down.

d) Lack of Support

The vendor who is supplying you the cloud service may have agreed to give 24 hour support if needed but, nothing goes as planned and everything is not as foretold. We know that we are not physically near to the vendor, so whatever happens we need to write e-mail to them and there is no guarantee that we will receive help instantly after we send our mail. Sending mail for help and waiting for the response is not a acceptable. So there is lack of support with cloud computing.

Summary

Evolving from main frame computer and moving over from web services, cloud computing has became the next evolution in computing history. Cloud computing has enabled the way of using computing resources over Internet. It delivers huge range of infrastructure to its user without purchasing them on pay per use basis. The ease of use of cloud computing is the main point of raising popularity of it. Cloud computing may be a new concept but, it’s evolving every day by day.

Indeed, cloud computing has some issues regarding security and privacy but, what we believe is, with computing your business is much safer than usual and managed than usual. All cloud computing vendors are professionally doing their business in cloud computing so, they do create a reliable medium for their user and they are not targeted for only one user. So there is no question of mis-use of their content or database. vendor do business in huge mass so, for that they do create a perfect system for their client and trust me, if you work in a environment sitting under that worry of something that your never understand i.e., the technical part then, you never can properly manage your way to the top. If you can focus only on your work and let the geek handle their tool then, that’s make sense.

With smart mobile devices, tablets, laptops cloud computing has become much easier to handle. You can check your office anytime anywhere. With cloud computing, you will get a flexibility of using resources. For example: if you own a gift shop then, your business will be pretty good during the festive season and you might need other application during that time and who know additional infrastructure also. Then, with traditional method you need to buy everything and after festive season whether use or not you will pay for it but, with cloud computing you use as much as resource and application without purchasing them and you don’t have to pay if you do not use them.

It is a way of increasing our capacity or adding capabilities without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel or licensing new software. This is what extending the existing capabilities of Information technology. With cloud computing, the world is changing and visualization of the possibilities and extending the limitations of Information technology.

In future what we believe is, Cloud computing will be the far safer and much more managed environment in the world for any business because of the trend in job and user’s interest cloud computing is rising day by day. With all contributing in this new concept obviously cloud computing will be far better happening virtual system one day.
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E-Marketing Strategy of Dell Inc. In Nepal




1. Introduction
1.1. Overview and History

Dell Inc. was founded by the name of PC’s Limited by Michael Dell in May 1, 1984 at the age of 19, with $1000 and a game-changing vision for the technology industry. At the year 1985, Turbo PC was introduced with an Intel 8088 processor, 10 megabyte hard drive and a 5.25- inch floppy drive as its first computer system. 

Dell Headquarters 
By the year 1988, the company’s value was raised to $30 million and the market capitalization was increased from $1000 to $85 million. The year 1989 was also a very important year in the history of dell because the dell introduced their first laptop in the market. By the year 1995, the dell had expanded the worldwide operations in Europe, Asia, Japan and the Americas and later in 1988, the sales, manufacturing and support centre was opened in Xiamen, China and the manufacturing sites were also launched in various parts of the world like Ireland, Brazil and the United States. 


The year 1999 was the year where all the hard work had paid off as Dell became the number one PC seller in US market, and they were the major maker for business in the field of PCs worldwide. This was not enough for the evolution of dell in the PCs market so in the year 2001, it became the top computer systems provider worldwide and also was a leader in Intel-based server shipments in US. 

The company was first named as Dell Inc. in the year 2003. The year 2006, is considered as a dreadful year in the history of dell because it had lost its ranking as number 1 to another PC manufacturer Hewlett Packard (HP). In the year 2009, dell launched a new business called Dell services and also entered in the smartphone market with the mini 3i from china mobile and immediately launched a five inch tabled called streak the following year i.e. 2010. 

In the year 2011. Dell reported a record revenue and bought more firms in enterprise solutions and services and the company also promised $1 billion for the development of Dell data and solution centres around the word and research Centre on Israel and the US. At the same year, the company falls to the number 3 behind HP and Lenovo as the world’s largest manufacturer of PCs. The dell also announced to use some cash from its cash stockpile in order to pay dividends in a bid to boost shareholder value in the year 2012. 

In the year 2013, Dell announced a leveraged buyout by silver lake partners, which was partially funded by Microsoft. Dell has now branches in more than 5 continents and a combined workforce of over 100,000 employees which had made Dell one of the largest and the successful multinational company in the field of IT. 


2. Management Summary

Dell Inc. was established in 1984 and is one of the world’s largest computer system corporation today. The company founded the concept of customizing and selling PCs direct to the customers according to their requirement and budget which became popular and as a result it tends to be the one of the world’s popular multinational IT Company. The company provides services like build to order computer systems, direct selling, and toll free technical support and on site services. The company also designs and customize products according to the customer’s requirement and also offers extensive selection of peripherals and software. The popular products that are manufactured by dell are desktop PCs, Servers and Networking, Storage, Mobility, Software and Peripherals and also provides services like application services, financial services, cloud based services, security services, etc.

The primary objective of Dell is to provide the high quality, relevant technology and customised system to the customers. The Dell strategy in Dell marketing communication is to simplify information technology for customers which means making quality products and make information technology affordable for millions of customers across the world. They also provide customer choice where the customer can easily purchase systems and services via telephone, kiosks and its official website. Not only that, Dell also allows customers to purchase customer-built products and customer tailored services and they are also committed to being responsible in all areas of business. Dell also has classified their customers in different segment which includes large corporate, government, healthcare and educational accounts, as well as small-to-medium businesses and individual customers. It also stresses on the importance of its direct business model in providing direct and continuous feedback from customers which helps them to develop and refine their product and marketing programs for specific customer groups.

Dell also offers Dell Premier for easy ordering, tracking and control for large organizational customers which is secure, customizable and saves organization time and money. Dell also has a strong marketing policy to make its products available to small and medium business and consumers by advertising on television and internet and also advertises in a wide variety of print media. It also advertises by mailing a broad range of direct marketing publications like promotional pieces, catalogues and customer newsletter. 

Dell also uses media channels and indirect channels to sell their products directly to the customers. The paid search through programs like Google AdWords is used to promote value through time limited offers related to phrase searched upon. It has also now start using the indirect channels to extend their business throughout the world. It has now started offering desktops and laptops through third party resellers to make it available easily to the customer as their retail strategy.

3. E- Marketing Planning

Creating a maintainable competitive advantage and improve performance by capitalizing on technology and enterprise resource is an objective of an E-marketing. An E-marketing strategy is required to achieve the definite objective of business strategy via marketing activities such as marketing communications and marketing research.

SOSTAC framework (developed by PR Smith in 1990) along with various process and stages are involved in a marketing strategy from the development to implementation and monitoring is the planning done in E-marketing Planning. 


SOSTAC FRAMEWORK

The SOSTAC framework includes the six core areas or stages of E-marketing which as listed below:-


1. Situation Analysis


2. Objectives


3. Strategy


4. Tactics


5. Action


6. Control


The above mentioned Stages of SOSTAC frame are described with detail below.

3.1. Stage 1: Situation Analysis

This is the first stage of SOSTAC named as Situation Analysis which delivers a detail about a current overview and market situation of a Company or an Organization along with the proper analysis of the competitors. It also give an overview of Marketplace opportunities along with customer insight towards the company. There are various methods which helps to analysis the current situation are listed below:-

i. Market Trends

For understanding and managing the proper analysis of the recent market situation and identification of the require changes on the basis of market analysis, the Market Trends is useful in e-marketing planning.

ii. Competitor Analysis

Competitor analysis provides a clear idea about the customer behavior and the market analysis for the required changes in comparison with the competitor of the company.

iii. SWOT Analysis
Creating a decision for every single situation in business or marketing, SWOT analysis is the far better method which define the present status, weakness of the company including the internal factor. It also helps to monitor the current status & opportunities including the contingency plan within the company. Basically, SWOT includes Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats.

SWOT Analysis
3.2. Stage 2: Objective 
The core assignment and effort which emphasis the effective marketing communication for achieving and improving the market condition of the company is included in objective section. For analyzing and identifying the core goals and SMART objective of the company the 5Ss method play an important goal in e-marketing planning. The 5Ss includes Sell, Service, Sizzle and Save. SMART objectives includes the Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Relevant and Time-related Objective. 

5S method
3.3. Stage 3: Strategy

Satisfying or Fulfilling the objectives for improving the company status and aiming the target with the strong plan can be refer as a strategy. The strategy can be defined or distinguished with the help of STOP and SIT methods which stands for Segment, Target market, Objective & Proposition and similarly, SIT stands for Sequence, Integration and Target. It also determines the commitment and investment and product positing.

3.4. Stage 4: Tactics

The strategy plans or method for identifying the tools and its usage can be referred as Tactics.it also identify the budget and resources of the company or an organization for achieving the aim of the company towards the e-marketing. 4P’s or Marketing Mix methods are used for finding the tactics in e-marketing which includes 

Product        -  It contains product variety, Quality, Design and Features.
Price             -  Similarly, it includes Discount, Allowances, Payment period and Credit terms
Promotion    - includes sales promotion, Advertising, Sales force, Public relation, Direct Marketing.
Place      - Place generally includes Channels, Assortments, Locations, Inventory, Transport, coverage.

3.5. Stage 5: Action
This stage includes implementation of the strategies and tactics defined previously for assigning the deadlines and responsibility for the individual task. The responsibilities, roles and the certain location of an organization or company are needed to be distinguished and allocated. The marketing communication plan is also redefined in this stage on the basis of the stakeholder’s interest and need.

3.6. Stage 6: Control

The proper tracking of the progress on the basis of the competence of various tasks aimed to complete of objective through the combination of the traditional techniques such as marketing research to achieve the views and option of the customers is includes in this stage. The various kind of survey are carried out to get the certain information on the status and quality of the marketing. The generation of daily report will help to improve the strategies for improving the current marketing status of the company.


4. E-Marketing Strategy

Talking about the recent, Dell has become the second Personal Computer (PC) supplier worldwide on the basis of the reliable cost or price and the better quality of the products which has been only possible by the proper utilization of its manpower including the staffs, member, distributors & suppliers etc. The case study provided deals with the strategy of E-marketing for the DELL depending upon the SOSTAC framework.

Overview of Dell E-Marketing strategy 

Product: Desktops / Laptops
Business Model: Direct Business Model
Environment: Nepal 


4.1. Situation Analysis

4.1.1. SWOT ANALYSIS

4.1.1.1. STRENGTH

Dell is the world largest PC maker having on-site product service. Dell uses direct to customer business model with latest technology in Nepal. Dell has Low operating cost and directly supplies to customer and it provides the products on the basis of customer’s specification. Low inventory cost and official Distribution Channel partner in Nepal. According to the survey done amongst 20 people, more than 85% of the people have shown interest in customizing their PCs which proves the strength of this process. Talking about the official distribution Channel partner in Nepal, Generation Next Pvt. Ltd. And Neoteric Nepal are the two authorized channel part of Dell. 


4.1.1.1. Weakness

Dell Lack of propriety technology and the relationship between the deals and retailer is worst. It focus on corporate and government institutional customer. Dell doesn’t utilizes the distribution channel. In context of Nepal, Dell has got the poor customer services and lack of authorized service center.

4.1.1.2. Opportunities

Dell has got direct model which allows users to request according to their specification required. The usage of PC and Laptop are getting increased day by day in Nepal and never get decreased which means that there is a very high possibility for Dell to raising the E-Business in Nepal. 

4.1.1.3. THREATS

Globally, new rivalry that exits in the PC markets which is affect the market of dell. Price difference is getting lower among the various brands and identical price of the product makes the user to choose the other brands instead of Dell. We can also say that the growing demand of smart phone has always been a threat for dell because the availability of smart phones are low compared to laptop and PCs. 

4.2. Strategy

The strategy refers how the objectives achieved in e-marketing, and consists of the procedures and steps for marketing a brand using the internet. Email marketing, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), social medium, Online Advertisement are the some of the general marketing of Dell. The strategy carried out for e-marketing are listed as follows:-

1. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

The process of affecting the visibility of the website in the search engine for increasing the number of visitor within the website using the keyword phases used the user in the search engine for searching the individual product using the internet. 

2. Product Positioning

The core purpose of product positioning is to create the customer familiarity and it is for the newly introduced product and services.

3. Email marketing

The process of sending the commercial or business message to the group of people with the help of email is termed as Email marketing. It also help to build the relationship with the user and clients of the company. 

4. Online Advertising

The process by mean of which the promotion of the services and the product provided by the company via website, blog etc. to attack the customer on the brand and the company can be termed as online advertising.

4.3. Tactics
For maintaining the all the above mentioned strategy, tactics related to developed in this stage. The implementing all the statics the budget are allocated. 

1. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Tactics
The most popular training in Nepal is search engine optimization for dell, which will be handed over the IT training center and the budget allocated for this task is Rs.24, 000.

2. Email marketing tactics

For handling all the mails related to the company will be properly handled by Customer Relation Department (CRM).

3. Online Advertising Tactics

The advertisement of dell are placed in various blogs and website for the promotion of the products and services. The services of Google and Facebook Ads will be used for advertising the dell product in the local website of the Nepal by tracking the IP address. The budget of Rs. 70,000 is allocated for the price of the online advertise in Google and Facebook. 

4. Product positioning Tactics
Dell introduces the new products and services according the specifications and requirement of Customers.



4.4. Actions
4.4.1. System

ERP system, BI analysis system, HR management and Online Help desk are the some of the key system required for the success of the company by incorporating the tactics.

4.4.2. Resources

Estimated budget with proper roles and responsibilities of the team are required for the successfully implementation of tactics mention above. The budget allocation is primary resource for the company. The yearly budget allocation for dell are listed in the following table accordingly.


Roles and Responsibilities

i. Marketing Director

Managing director is responsible for the tactical plan, control and co-ordinate of the E-marketing campaigns. 

ii. Vice President of Marketing

For setting the prices and analyzing the trends of the services and product of the company. 

iii. Marketing manager 

Plans and controls the market environment including the proper relationship between the customers. 

iv. Marketing Analyst

Marketing Analyst provides the information and insights related to customers, competitor and markets. 

v. Social Media Specialist

Responsible for the online and print communication in e-marketing. 

vi. Graphics Designers and programmer

Design and finalize the various advertisement and managing the online support website such as Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is done by graphic designers and programmer. 

4.5. Control

In this stage of SOSTAC framework, data about the customer reaction towards the business model is concerned. Monitoring the performance of the company and ensuring the business model us functioning and monitored time to time. Finding out the measurement factor and process involved in measurement & control of the return of investment is the primary objective of this stage. The total number of sales and the number of customers are the main measurement factor. The measurement process is done for identifying the objective of the business is achieved or not. 

5. E-Business Strategy

5.1. The Business Model


The Direct Business Model is a marketing strategy which is firstly introduced by Dell and implemented by dell which combines direct sales and build-to-order production for providing the services and product directly to the customers. Dell direct business model provide continues feedback from the customers which helps to develop and refine the product. It also increase the percentage of the customer satisfaction, direct business model of dell is the prefect business model in developing states. On the comparison to the Nepal where internet has just arrived the e-marketing and online transaction is not reliable whereas the direct model is not so feasible. Talking about the implementation of Dell business model in Nepal, Slept techniques is applied to determine the effectiveness of this model in context to Nepal. 

The Dell Direct Model


5.2. SLEPT Analysis Of the direct Model

5.1.1. Social Factors

The direct model depend upon the telecommunication means such as internet. In context of Nepal. In Nepal, only 30 % to 40% people are the internet user and among them smart phone are used for surfing the internet. In context of remote area, there are lack of internet and telecommunication which clearly indicates that the dell direct model is not a suitable in Nepal and lack of internet transactions make it difficult to utilize this model in Nepal.

5.1.2. Legal Factors

In Nepal, online transaction are in low amount or limited also usage of online transaction is rarely used. In Nepal, there is not any cyber law about the online payment transaction and the cyber law are limited which address about online fraud and cyber-scams & software piracy. Depending upon this reason, implementing Dell direct model in the country like Nepal is a tough job.


5.1.3. Economic Factors

The current economic condition of Nepal is very worst because of the Earthquake took place recently which decreased entire economy of Nepal. The economic factor plays a vital role in the business area. Talking about the dell, in Nepal no manufacturing center are there which increases the cost by including the shipping cost which may added the extra cost to the price of the product. Nepal is a land locked country due to which it is not connect to the sea because of which water transportation lacks that results to increase rate in transportation which directly affects the price of the product accordingly. Depending on this reason, Dell direct model is hard to implement in Nepal.


5.1.4. Political Factors

In the context of Nepal, political factor causes the damage to the business. Although dell direct model allows to perform business directly between customer and retailer it is hard to deliver the product in time because of general strikes caused because of change of the government and aggressive political party. The strikes has indirectly decrease the sales rate. Sometimes the strike goes for many days which definitely harm both the customers and the company.

5.1.5. Technological Factors

There is absence of payment technology in Nepal, the dell direct model is not suitable in the Nepal business market. Internet have become the basic needs nowadays and laptops and smart phone usage are growing rapidly. But talking about the laptop poor battery performance people are using the smart phone for surfing the internet because of excessive amount of power cut in Nepal the usage of laptop is decreased as compared to the smart phone. 

5.2. Alternative Model to Dell Direct Model

Channel partner model another model which can be implemented in Nepal replaced the dell direct model. The channel partner model consists the distributors, retailers, wholesalers and vendors where the product are distributed or sold using help of meditators where the certain amount of charge is being deducted. The partners cannot clams the product as their own in this product, in my point of view channel partner model is more suitable business model as compared to dell direct model in context to Nepal.

6. Conclusion

They said the good business is the one which takes the clients experience to the next level. The most and promising features of e-business is there is no boundary to it, any time any place and anyone can have that same opportunity. Dell has been the most success full international brand taking over the huge portion of international market. The choice and expectation of clients never stays the same. The choice of people changes. People used to love Hi5 and now they are spending their quality time over Facebook and nobody knows what hi5 is anymore. So the moral story here is, you have to upgrade your specification according to the client’s desire. 

Dell has almost acquired 90% of the market here in Nepal and the reason is, its veracity and easily available along with the price consideration. In a country like ours, direct model is not much more suitable and as a result, there are several mediator to provide the same product to the client’s on behave of dell. The next blooming thing is the digital frontier and dell has been pushing the boundary to everyone to be prepared for that and they has successfully implemented the idea of DELL as a long-along-side companion.
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